Many words appearing in Satu Kitan sentences are found in the dictionary with one additional character. The added character corresponds to the part of speech, and there are four types.
This kind of word change is called conjugation. In Satu Kitan, there are no words that conjugate irregularly.
In Satu Kitan, parts of speech are less likely to be classified by meaning compared to other languages, and mainly indicate syntactic function. Because of this, most words conjugate into multiple parts of speech.
The dictionary form of the word. It represents the name of things or concepts, and also nominalized verbs (such as "to do", "doing") are expressed as nouns.
The word with s added to the dictionary form. In Satu Kitan, all predicates are expressed as verbs. Besides actions and states, it can represent conceptual units or simply serve as a grammatical marker.
The word with v added to the dictionary form. It functions like adjectives or particles in other languages, and is used to add states or properties to nouns or verbs in sentences.
The word with f added to the dictionary form. Conjunctions and verbs have exactly the same meaning; only their syntactic function is different.
While parts of speech classify words by syntactic function, meaning type classifies words by their semantic category. Each meaning type determines which parts of speech the word can conjugate into. There are six types of meaning.
Words that express actions involving change or the process of change. They conjugate into all
parts of speech.
Typically, the consonant of the last syllable is k (k).
Generally, process words and result words exist as pairs differing only in the consonant of the last syllable
(e.g., kika / to be proven and kita / correct).
Words that express the state after some change or the property added by it. They conjugate into all parts of speech. The consonant of the last syllable is t (t).
Words that represent states that can be judged as true or false, or whose truth value can be defined. They
conjugate into all parts of speech.
Continuous actions or states where the beginning and end cannot be defined are classified as continuous words.
Words used to control tense or aspect, or words that represent grammatical functions. They are mainly used as suffixes in compound words, but can also conjugate into other parts of speech.
Words that represent names of things or concepts. They conjugate as nouns and modifiers.
As modifiers, they have almost the same meaning as "A's" or "of A" in English, broadly expressing belonging,
ownership, cause, etc. of the modified target.
Words that generally do not stand alone, and function like particles or prepositions such as "to" or "by". They are used only as modifiers, appearing in sentences as complementary object. For details on complementary objects, see the grammar page.
Process, result, and function words partially express aspect by this classification itself.
Note that this is different from tense such as past or present.
The following diagram is an image graph showing the range expressed by each word, using process word "dikas (dikas) / increase" and result word "ditas (ditas) / many" as examples.
Time flows from left to right, and the Y-axis of the graph represents "the amount at that point in time".
The process word dikas is dynamic, expressing the action of increasing
and the process of change of currently increasing.
In contrast, the result word ditas is static, expressing the result
after increasing and the property of "many" obtained by it.
Process and result words are thus causally connected, with the goal of the process word becoming the start of
the result word.
However, note that expressions such as "endless process word" (increasing forever) and "result word without a
clear cause" (many without a clear beginning) are also allowed.
Many words expressing actions or states that cannot form such process/result word pairs are classified as state words. This includes conceptual words like "pogis (pogis) / be interesting" where the start or end of the action or state cannot be defined.
In Satu Kitan, words can be compounded by inserting s between noun forms. By
compounding words, additional
information or attributes are added to the leftmost word.
Compounding can be done regardless of part of speech.
A phrase with a modifier attached to a noun or verb and a compound word formed from those words essentially have the same meaning. For example, "hanyu fugev / difficult problem" and "hanyusfuge / difficult-problem" are representative cases.